Life Insurance 50: Cost Guide for 50 Year Olds 2025 Rates
How much does life insurance cost at 50? A healthy 50-year-old non-smoker pays $108-$144 monthly for $500,000 in 20-year term coverage, or $210-$280 monthly for $1 million. Life insurance 50 premiums cost approximately triple what 30-year-olds pay and 2.5 times what 40-year-olds pay due to significantly higher mortality risk and increased likelihood of health conditions. Despite these elevated costs, age 50 represents the final opportunity to secure term coverage before rates become prohibitively expensive and health-related denials become common in your late 50s and 60s.
Age 50 marks a critical juncture for life insurance 50 buyers face steeply higher premiums but still need protection for remaining mortgage years, college-age children, and spousal income security. Many 50-year-olds delayed purchasing coverage when younger and now confront both necessity and reality—rates have increased dramatically, health underwriting has become more stringent, and available term lengths have shortened. The combination makes securing adequate life insurance 50 coverage both urgent and challenging.
This comprehensive guide reveals exact life insurance 50 costs by coverage amount and term length, explains the dramatic premium increases at 50, compares term versus permanent insurance options, and provides strategies to secure coverage despite age and potential health issues.
2025 Life Insurance 50 Rates by Coverage Amount
Monthly Premiums for 50 Year Olds (20-Year Term)
| Coverage | Male Monthly | Female Monthly | Male Annual | Female Annual |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $250,000 | $58 – $78 | $46 – $62 | $696 – $936 | $552 – $744 |
| $500,000 | $108 – $144 | $86 – $116 | $1,296 – $1,728 | $1,032 – $1,392 |
| $750,000 | $158 – $210 | $126 – $170 | $1,896 – $2,520 | $1,512 – $2,040 |
| $1,000,000 | $210 – $280 | $166 – $224 | $2,520 – $3,360 | $1,992 – $2,688 |
| $2,000,000 | $414 – $552 | $328 – $442 | $4,968 – $6,624 | $3,936 – $5,304 |
According to the Social Security Administration, 50-year-olds face 0.52% annual mortality risk compared to 0.22% at age 40—a 136% increase driving these substantially higher premiums.
Rate Progression: Age 30 vs 40 vs 50 vs 60
| Age | Male ($500K, 20-Year) | Female ($500K, 20-Year) | Cost Increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | $24 – $36 | $20 – $30 | Baseline |
| 40 | $42 – $60 | $34 – $48 | +75% |
| 50 | $108 – $144 | $86 – $116 | +157% from 40 |
| 60 | $294 – $382 | $216 – $282 | +172% from 50 |
Life insurance 50 costs represent a critical inflection point—rates have tripled from age 30 but are still less than half what 60-year-olds pay, making 50 the last reasonable age to secure coverage.
Available Term Lengths at Age 50
10-Year Term (Coverage to Age 60)
- Male: $86-$116/month ($500K)
- Female: $68-$92/month ($500K)
- Most affordable monthly premium
- Expires before full retirement age
15-Year Term (Coverage to Age 65)
- Male: $124-$166/month ($500K)
- Female: $98-$134/month ($500K)
- Covers to typical retirement age
- Good balance of cost and duration
20-Year Term (Coverage to Age 70)
- Male: $108-$144/month ($500K)
- Female: $86-$116/month ($500K)
- Maximum term typically available at 50
- Provides protection into early retirement
30-Year Terms: Generally not available after age 50. Most insurers cap 30-year terms at ages 45-50 maximum.
Life Insurance 50: Smoker vs Non-Smoker Rates
| Coverage | Non-Smoker Male | Smoker Male | Non-Smoker Female | Smoker Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $250,000 | $58 – $78 | $152 – $204 | $46 – $62 | $122 – $164 |
| $500,000 | $108 – $144 | $294 – $394 | $86 – $116 | $236 – $318 |
| $1,000,000 | $210 – $280 | $580 – $776 | $166 – $224 | $466 – $626 |
Smokers at 50 pay 2.6-2.8 times non-smoker rates. A 50-year-old male smoker pays $294-394 monthly for $500,000 coverage versus $108-144 for non-smokers—a $186-250 monthly difference totaling $44,640-60,000 over 20 years.
Why Life Insurance 50 Costs Significantly More
Exponential Mortality Risk Increase
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports mortality rates accelerate dramatically in your 50s:
Annual Death Probability:
- Age 30: 0.13%
- Age 40: 0.22%
- Age 50: 0.52% (136% higher than 40)
- Age 60: 1.38% (165% higher than 50)
This exponential mortality curve explains why life insurance 50 premiums increase so dramatically—insurers must maintain reserves for significantly higher claim likelihood.
Health Conditions Prevalent at 50
Chronic Conditions Affecting Life Insurance 50 Rates:
Cardiovascular Disease
- Prevalence at 50: 20-25%
- High blood pressure: 60% of 50-59 year-olds
- High cholesterol: 45% of 50-59 year-olds
- Impact: 25-100% premium increase
Diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes: 15% of 50-59 year-olds
- Pre-diabetes: Additional 30%
- Impact: 50-150% premium increase
Cancer History
- One in four 50-year-olds has had cancer screening abnormalities
- Previous cancer: 75-200% increase or denial
- Time since remission critical (5+ years preferred)
Obesity
- BMI over 30: 45% of 50-59 year-olds
- BMI over 35: 20% of 50-59 year-olds
- Impact: 30-75% premium increase
Sleep Apnea
- Affects 15-20% of 50-year-olds
- Often undiagnosed
- Impact: 25-50% increase if untreated
Medical Underwriting Intensifies
At 50, insurers universally require:
Mandatory Medical Exams
- Comprehensive blood panel (lipids, glucose, liver, kidney function)
- Urinalysis (protein, glucose, drugs)
- Blood pressure (multiple readings)
- Height, weight, BMI calculation
- EKG for coverage over $1 million or with cardiac history
Extended Medical Records Review
- 5-10 years of medical history
- Prescription drug database checks
- Motor vehicle records
- Possible additional testing (stress tests, imaging)
No-exam policies become rare at 50, and when available, typically charge 20-40% premium surcharges.
Gender Premium Gap Remains Substantial
Women continue paying 20-25% less than men at 50:
- Male: $108-144/month ($500K)
- Female: $86-116/month ($500K)
- Annual savings: $264-336 for women
The gap reflects women’s five-year longevity advantage and lower cardiovascular disease rates during middle age.
How Much Life Insurance 50 Year Olds Actually Need
Assessing Remaining Obligations at 50
Mortgage Remaining Most 50-year-olds have $100,000-300,000 remaining on mortgages originally $300,000-500,000 with 10-20 years left.
Children’s Education
- Children ages 15-22 still need support
- College costs: $100,000-150,000 per child
- Graduate school: Additional $50,000-100,000
Spousal Income Replacement
- Years until retirement: 10-17 years
- Annual income to replace: $60,000-120,000
- Total needed: $600,000-2,000,000
Retirement Savings Gap
- Median savings at 50: $150,000-250,000
- Recommended at 50: 6x annual salary
- Gap to fill: $200,000-500,000
Coverage Recommendations by Situation
Married, Mortgage, College-Age Children
- Recommended: $750,000-1,500,000
- Term length: 15-20 years
- Priority: Income replacement + education
Married, No Mortgage, Independent Children
- Recommended: $250,000-500,000
- Term length: 10-15 years
- Priority: Spousal income bridge to retirement
Single Parent, College-Age Children
- Recommended: $500,000-1,000,000
- Term length: 10-15 years
- Critical: Sole provider protection
Divorced, Paying Alimony/Child Support
- Recommended: Coverage = remaining obligation
- Calculate: Monthly payment × months remaining
- Often court-mandated coverage
Empty Nesters, Paid-Off Home
- Recommended: $100,000-250,000
- Consider: Final expenses, small legacy
- Alternative: Guaranteed universal life
Income Replacement Method at 50
Standard formula: 8-12x annual income (reduced from 10-15x for younger ages)
Life Insurance 50 Coverage by Income:
- $50,000 income: $400,000-600,000
- $75,000 income: $600,000-900,000
- $100,000 income: $800,000-1,200,000
- $150,000 income: $1,200,000-1,800,000
The multiplier decreases at 50 because you need fewer years of income replacement (10-15 years versus 20-30 for younger applicants).
Alternative Options: Term vs Permanent Insurance at 50
Term Life Advantages at 50
Lower Initial Cost
- $500,000 term: $108-144/month
- $500,000 whole life: $650-850/month
- Monthly savings: $542-706
Adequate for Temporary Needs Most 50-year-olds need coverage only 10-20 more years until:
- Mortgage is paid
- Children are independent
- Retirement savings are sufficient
- Social Security begins
Simplicity and Flexibility Term insurance provides straightforward protection without cash value complexity, investment risk, or permanent commitment.
When Permanent Insurance Makes Sense at 50
Guaranteed Universal Life (GUL)
Best for lifelong needs:
- Estate planning (leaving inheritance)
- Final expense coverage guaranteed to age 90-120
- Irrevocable life insurance trusts (ILITs)
- Business succession planning
Cost comparison ($250,000 coverage):
- 20-year term: $58-78/month
- GUL to age 90: $180-240/month
- GUL to age 121: $220-290/month
Whole Life Insurance
Consider if:
- You want guaranteed cash value growth
- Need permanent coverage with dividends
- Qualify for preferred underwriting
- Have maximum retirement account contributions
Cost: $500,000 whole life = $650-850/month at age 50
Index Universal Life (IUL)
Suitable for:
- Sophisticated investors understanding risks
- Those wanting market-linked growth potential
- Willing to monitor and adjust over time
Warning: IUL policies have complex fees and underperformance risks. Get independent advice before purchasing.
Convertibility: The Hybrid Approach
Many term policies offer conversion to permanent insurance without medical underwriting:
Conversion Benefits:
- Lock in insurability despite health changes
- No medical exam required
- Convert partial amount (keep some term, convert rest)
- Typically available through age 65-70
Conversion Strategy at 50:
- Buy maximum affordable term coverage now
- Maintain good health if possible
- Convert $100,000-250,000 to permanent at 60-65
- Let remaining term coverage expire
This provides maximum protection when needed (50s-60s) while securing permanent coverage for final expenses and legacy goals.
Factors Affecting Life Insurance 50 Premiums
Health Conditions and Rating Classifications
Preferred Plus (Best Rates, 10-15% of Applicants) Requirements:
- No chronic conditions
- Excellent blood pressure (under 130/85)
- Excellent cholesterol (total under 200)
- BMI 19-27
- No medications except preventive
- Clean family history
Preferred (Good Rates, 25-30% of Applicants) Allows:
- Well-controlled high blood pressure (one medication)
- Slightly elevated cholesterol (treated)
- BMI 27-29
- Minor family history
Standard (Average Rates, 40-45% of Applicants) Includes:
- Multiple medications for chronic conditions
- BMI 29-32
- History of minor surgeries
- Some family history of disease
Substandard (Higher Rates, 10-20% of Applicants) Applies to:
- Diabetes (even well-controlled)
- BMI over 32
- Multiple chronic conditions
- Recent hospitalizations
- Table ratings: +25% to +300%
Common Medical Conditions at 50
High Blood Pressure (60% Prevalence)
Well-controlled (medication, readings under 140/90):
- Impact: 15-30% premium increase
- Multiple medications: 30-50% increase
- Uncontrolled: 50-100% increase or denial
High Cholesterol (45% Prevalence)
Treated, levels under 240:
- Impact: 10-25% premium increase
- Very high levels (over 300): 40-75% increase
Type 2 Diabetes (15% Prevalence)
A1C under 7.0, no complications:
- Impact: 50-100% premium increase
- A1C 7-8: 100-150% increase
- A1C over 8 or complications: 150-250% or denial
Sleep Apnea (15-20% Prevalence)
Using CPAP device, compliant:
- Impact: 25-50% premium increase
- Untreated or non-compliant: 50-100% increase
Cancer History
Depends on type, stage, time since treatment:
- 5+ years remission, early stage: 50-100% increase
- 3-5 years remission: 100-200% increase
- Under 3 years: Likely denial, reapply after remission
Lifestyle Factors at Age 50
Smoking/Tobacco Use Most significant controllable factor:
- Quit 12+ months ago: Non-smoker rates
- Current smoker: 160-180% premium increase
- Includes: cigarettes, cigars, vaping, chewing tobacco
Alcohol Consumption
- Moderate (1-2 drinks daily): No impact
- Heavy (3+ drinks daily): 25-75% increase
- DUI history: 50-100% increase or denial for 5-10 years
Driving Record
- Clean record: Preferred rates
- Multiple violations: 10-25% increase
- Recent DUI: 50-100% increase
- Multiple DUIs: Likely denial
Occupation High-risk jobs at 50:
- Long-haul trucking: 25-50% increase
- Construction (high-rise): 50-75% increase
- Aviation (commercial pilots acceptable, private aviation higher)
- Law enforcement (detective acceptable, SWAT higher)
Foreign Travel Frequent travel to high-risk countries:
- Impact: 10-40% increase or coverage exclusions
- Countries considered: War zones, areas with inadequate medical care
Strategies to Get Best Life Insurance 50 Rates
Optimize Health Before Applying
Blood Pressure Management (3-Month Plan)
Target: Under 135/85 for standard, under 130/85 for preferred
Actions:
- Reduce sodium to 1,500mg daily (according to the American Heart Association)
- DASH diet (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
- Lose 5-10% body weight if overweight
- Exercise 150 minutes weekly (moderate intensity)
- Limit alcohol to one drink daily
- Medication compliance (take consistently)
- Reduce caffeine 48 hours before exam
Potential savings: $150-400 annually
Weight Loss Strategy
Even modest loss improves rates:
- Lose 15-25 pounds to drop BMI category
- Target BMI under 30 (substandard to standard)
- Target BMI under 28 (standard to preferred)
- Focus on sustainable changes (not crash diets)
Potential savings: $300-600 annually
Cholesterol Improvement
Target: Total under 240, LDL under 160 for standard
Actions:
- Medication compliance if prescribed
- Add fiber (25-30g daily)
- Omega-3 supplements (2-3g daily)
- Plant sterols (2g daily, available in fortified foods)
- Reduce saturated fat intake
- Consistent cardio exercise
Potential savings: $150-350 annually
Compare Multiple Insurance Companies
Life insurance 50 rates vary 30-50% between insurers:
Example: 50-year-old male, $500K, 20-year term
- Insurer A: $144/month
- Insurer B: $126/month
- Insurer C: $108/month
- Savings: $432-432 annually by shopping
Different insurers specialize in different risk profiles:
- Banner Life, Protective: Best for minor health issues
- Mutual of Omaha, Prudential: Lenient diabetes underwriting
- Pacific Life, Principal: Competitive for preferred risks
- Transamerica, AIG: Good for previous cancer history
Work with independent brokers accessing 10-20 carriers rather than captive agents representing one company.
Consider Guaranteed Issue as Last Resort
If you’re denied traditional coverage due to serious health conditions, guaranteed issue life insurance provides:
Guaranteed Issue Whole Life
- No medical questions or exams
- Acceptance guaranteed ages 50-85
- Coverage: $5,000-$25,000 typically
- Cost: $50-150/month for $10,000
- Graded death benefit (2-3 years)
When to Consider:
- Multiple health conditions preventing traditional approval
- Need final expense coverage
- Want guaranteed acceptance
Important Limitations:
- Much lower coverage amounts
- Significantly higher per-dollar cost
- Death benefit limited first 2-3 years (premium refund only)
Only pursue guaranteed issue after exhausting traditional and simplified issue options.
Timing Your Application Strategically
Best Times to Apply:
After Health Improvements Wait 3-6 months after:
- Significant weight loss
- Blood pressure/cholesterol stabilization
- Medication optimization
- Surgical recovery
Avoid Application During:
- Active illness or infection
- Recovery from surgery (wait 3+ months)
- Medication changes (wait until stable)
- Stressful life events (temporarily elevate BP)
Seasonal Considerations
- Spring/early summer: Often better weight, BP readings
- Post-holiday season: Avoid (weight typically higher)
- Before annual checkups: Don’t wait for potential bad news
Leverage Employer Group Coverage
Many 50-year-olds have employer group life insurance options:
Group Coverage Advantages:
- Guaranteed issue (no medical underwriting)
- Payroll deduction convenience
- Often costs 20-40% less than individual market
- Can supplement individual coverage
Group Coverage Limitations:
- Ends at termination or retirement
- Usually caps at $500,000-1,000,000
- Rates may increase with age
- Not portable to new employers
Optimal Strategy: Purchase both:
- Individual term for permanent protection ($500,000-1,000,000)
- Group coverage for additional amounts
- Total: $1,000,000-1,500,000 combined
Buy Now Before Further Rate Increases
Every year you wait costs 8-15% more in premiums at 50+:
Cost of Waiting:
- Age 50 today: $108-144/month ($500K)
- Age 51 next year: $120-162/month
- Age 52 two years: $132-180/month
- Age 55 five years: $178-236/month
Waiting five years costs an additional $8,400-11,040 over a 15-year term, not including potential health-related increases.
Common Questions About Life Insurance 50
How much does life insurance cost at age 50?
Life insurance 50 year olds pay $108-$144 monthly for $500,000 in 20-year term coverage (male non-smoker) or $86-$116 monthly (female non-smoker). For $1 million coverage, expect $210-$280 monthly (male) or $166-$224 monthly (female). These rates assume excellent health—the majority of 50-year-olds pay 20-75% more due to common conditions like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, or obesity. Smokers pay 2.6-2.8 times these amounts, approximately $294-394 monthly for $500,000. Your actual rate depends on detailed medical underwriting including blood tests, urine analysis, medical records review, and assessment of 10+ health factors. Shopping multiple insurers through independent brokers can save 25-40% as rates vary significantly between companies.
Is it too late to get life insurance at 50?
No, 50 is not too late for life insurance though it represents the final age range where term coverage remains reasonably affordable for most people. While premiums have tripled since age 30, they’re still 60% lower than age 60 rates. Most 50-year-olds still have 10-15 years of financial obligations—remaining mortgage years, college-age children, spousal income needs—making coverage essential despite higher costs. After 50, rates accelerate even faster (increasing 10-15% annually) and health-related denials become common. If you’re 50 and reasonably healthy, now is the critical time to secure coverage. Even applicants with controlled chronic conditions can obtain coverage with proper carrier selection. Waiting until 55-60 means paying dramatically higher rates and potentially facing denial for conditions that develop in your 50s.
Should a 50 year old get term or whole life insurance?
Most 50-year-olds should choose term life insurance because it provides adequate protection for remaining obligation years (10-20) at affordable rates—$108-280 monthly for $500,000-1,000,000. Whole life costs 5-8 times more ($650-850 monthly for $500,000) and makes sense only for specific needs: guaranteed inheritance regardless of death age, estate tax planning, or final expense coverage you want to ensure pays out. Consider guaranteed universal life (GUL) if you need coverage past age 70—it costs less than whole life ($180-290 monthly for $250,000 to age 90-120) but provides permanent protection. A hybrid approach works well: buy maximum term coverage now for mortgage and income replacement, then convert $100,000-250,000 to permanent insurance at age 60-65 for final expenses without medical underwriting using your term policy’s conversion feature.
Can I get life insurance 50 with high blood pressure or diabetes?
Yes, you can get life insurance 50 with high blood pressure or diabetes, though rates will be higher and underwriting more detailed. Well-controlled high blood pressure (medication, readings under 140/90) typically increases premiums 15-30% above standard rates—manageable for most applicants. Type 2 diabetes with good control (A1C under 7.0, no complications) increases rates 50-100%, making $500,000 coverage cost $162-288 monthly instead of $108-144. Multiple conditions or poor control result in higher increases or possible denial. Certain insurers specialize in medical conditions: Mutual of Omaha and Prudential have lenient diabetes underwriting, while Banner Life and Protective excel with cardiovascular conditions. Working with brokers who know which carriers accept your specific conditions is crucial—they can often find rates 30-50% better than applying to wrong insurers.
What term length should a 50 year old choose?
Most 50-year-olds should choose 15-20 year terms providing coverage through ages 65-70 when most financial obligations end. Choose 20-year terms if you have a mortgage with 15+ years remaining, children still in high school or early college, or are the primary earner for a non-working spouse who needs protection to full retirement age. Choose 15-year terms if your mortgage has under 15 years left, children are in college or independent, and your spouse has significant retirement savings. Consider 10-year terms only if obligations are truly short-term or budget is extremely constrained—but recognize renewal at age 60 costs 2.5-3 times more. Avoid 30-year terms (rarely available after 50) unless you have very young children or recent 30-year mortgage, as premiums are 80-100% higher than 20-year terms.
How much life insurance does a 50 year old need?
Most 50-year-olds need $500,000-1,500,000 in life insurance 50 coverage. Calculate your needs: remaining mortgage balance ($100,000-300,000 typical), income replacement until retirement (10-15 years × annual salary = $600,000-1,800,000), children’s remaining education costs ($50,000-150,000 per child), and final expenses ($15,000-20,000). However, many 50-year-olds can reduce coverage needs if they have substantial retirement savings ($500,000+), no dependents, small remaining mortgage, or a working spouse with their own retirement savings. Minimum recommendation: enough to pay off mortgage and provide 5-10 years income replacement. If budget is tight, $500,000 covers basics for most situations. Business owners or high-income earners with substantial liabilities should consider $1,500,000-2,500,000.
What if I can’t afford life insurance at 50?
If life insurance 50 premiums feel unaffordable, consider these strategies: Buy whatever coverage you can afford now rather than waiting—$250,000 for $58-78 monthly protects your family better than $0 coverage. Choose 10-year terms costing 20-30% less monthly than 20-year terms, though you’ll need to evaluate needs at renewal. Improve health to qualify for better rates—losing weight, controlling blood pressure, and quitting smoking can save $200-600 annually. Maximize free or low-cost employer group coverage before buying individual insurance. If your spouse works, prioritize coverage on the higher earner first. Consider guaranteed universal life for smaller permanent coverage ($100,000-250,000) at $140-220 monthly that never increases—more affordable than renewals after term expires. For tight budgets, even $100,000-150,000 in coverage provides meaningful protection for final expenses and partial debt payoff.
Should I convert my term policy to permanent at 50?
Converting term to permanent life insurance 50 makes sense in specific situations: you have ongoing health issues making new coverage expensive or unavailable, you need guaranteed lifetime coverage for estate planning or leaving an inheritance, your term is expiring soon and you still need coverage, or you can afford the significantly higher premiums ($500-800 monthly for $500,000 whole life versus $108-144 for term). Most 50-year-olds should NOT convert yet—wait until 60-65 when you better understand permanent needs and can convert a smaller amount ($100,000-250,000) for final expenses while letting the rest expire. If you’re healthy at 50, buying new term coverage is usually cheaper than converting. Only convert if health has deteriorated making new underwriting unfavorable or if you’ve determined you need permanent coverage. Most conversion options extend to age 65-70, so you don’t need to decide immediately at 50.
Conclusion
Life insurance 50 premiums reflect the mathematical reality of increased mortality risk—rates have tripled since age 30 and will double again by age 60. Despite these elevated costs, 50 represents the final age range where most people can secure adequate term coverage at rates under $300 monthly for $1 million protection. Waiting longer means paying dramatically more or facing health-related denials that become common in late 50s and 60s.
The key to minimizing life insurance 50 costs is addressing controllable factors: improving health metrics before applying (blood pressure, cholesterol, weight), quitting smoking if applicable (saves 60-65%), and shopping 8-12 insurance companies through independent brokers who know which carriers offer best rates for your specific health profile. Choose appropriate term lengths (typically 15-20 years) matching your actual remaining financial obligations rather than overbuying coverage duration you don’t need.
Most importantly, apply now rather than delaying further. Every year you wait costs 8-15% more in premiums, and developing new health conditions can suddenly increase rates 50-100% or result in denial. At 50, you’re at the critical decision point—secure coverage while it’s still affordable and available, or risk being priced out of the market or denied entirely in your mid-to-late 50s.
The application process takes 15 minutes for the initial application and 4-8 weeks for full underwriting including medical exams and records review. Most 50-year-olds can secure $500,000-1,000,000 protecting their families through retirement for $108-280 monthly—a meaningful investment ensuring your family’s financial security even if you’re not there to provide it.
Disclaimer:
This article provides general information about life insurance costs for 50-year-olds and should not be construed as financial or insurance advice. Actual rates vary significantly based on individual health, lifestyle, and insurer underwriting standards. Rate ranges are estimates based on 2025 market averages for healthy, non-smoking applicants. Most 50-year-olds have health conditions affecting rates. For personalized quotes, consult licensed insurance agents. Life insurance rates and availability change frequently; verify current offerings with insurers.